GETIPNODEBYNAME(3) GETIPNODEBYNAME(3) NAME getipnodebyname, getipnodebyaddr, freehostent - nodename-to-address and address-to-nodename translation LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc) SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netdb.h> struct hostent *getipnodebyname(const char *name, int af, int flags, int *error_num); struct hostent *getipnodebyaddr(const void *src, socklen_t len, int af, int *error_num); void freehostent(struct hostent *ptr); DESCRIPTION getipnodebyname and getipnodebyaddr functions are very similar to gethostbyname(3N) and gethostbyaddr(3N). The functions cover all the functionalities provided by the older ones, and provide better interface to programmers. The functions require additional arguments, af, and flags, for specifying address family and operation mode. The additional arguments allow programmer to get address for a nodename, for specific address family (such as AF_INET or AF_INET6). The functions also require an additional pointer argument, error_num to return the appropriate error code, to support thread safe error code returns. The type and usage of the return value, struct hostent is described in gethostbyname(3N). For getipnodebyname, the name argument can be either a node name or a numeric address string (i.e., a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex address). The af argument specifies the address family, either AF_INET or AF_INET6. The flags argument specifies the types of addresses that are searched for, and the types of addresses that are returned. We note that a special flags value of AI_DEFAULT (defined below) should handle most applications. That is, porting simple applications to use IPv6 replaces the call hptr = gethostbyname(name); with hptr = getipnodebyname(name, AF_INET6, AI_DEFAULT, &error_num); Applications desiring finer control over the types of addresses searched for and returned, can specify other combinations of the flags argument. A flags of 0 implies a strict interpretation of the af argument: * If flags is 0 and af is AF_INET, then a query is made for IPv4 addresses. If successful, the IPv4 addresses are returned and the h_length member of the hostent structure will be 4, else the function returns a NULL pointer. * If flags is 0 and if af is AF_INET6, then a query is made for IPv6 addresses. If successful, the IPv6 addresses are returned and the h_length member of the hostent structure will be 16, else the function returns a NULL pointer. Other constants can be logically-ORed into the flags argument, to modify the behavior of the function. * If the AI_V4MAPPED flag is specified along with an af of AF_INET6, then a query is made for IPv6 addresses. If successful, the IPv6 addresses are returned, and no query is made for IPv4 addresses. Else, a query is made for IPv4 addresses and any found are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses. h_length will be 16 in either case of addresses being returned. The AI_V4MAPPED flag is ignored unless af equals AF_INET6. * If the AI_ALL and AI_V4MAPPED flags are both set and af is AF_INET6, then a query is made for IPv6 addresses, and any found are returned. Another query is made for IPv4 addresses, and any found are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, and h_length is set to 16. Only if both queries fail the function returns a NULL pointer. This flag is ignored unless af is AF_INET6. * The AI_ADDRCONFIG flag specifies that a query for IPv6 addresses should be made only if the node has at least one IPv6 source address configured, and that a query for IPv4 addresses should be made only if the node has at least one IPv4 source address configured. * If the AI_V4MAPPED and AI_ADDRCONFIG flags are both set and af is AF_INET6, then -- If the node has at least one IPv6 source address configured, a query is made for IPv6 addresses. -- If it is successful, the IPv6 addresses are returned and no query is made for IPv4 addresses. -- If the node has no IPv6 source address configured, or if the query for IPv6 addresses is not successful, then if the node has at least one IPv4 source address configured, a query is made for IPv4 addresses and any found are returned as IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses. h_length will be 16 in either case of addresses being returned. * Macro AI_DEFAULT is defined as the logical OR of AI_V4MAPPED and AI_ADDRCONFIG. We noted that the getipnodebyname function must allow the name argument to be either a node name or a literal address string (i.e., a dotted- decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex address). This saves applications from having to call inet_pton(3) to handle literal address strings. When the name argument is a literal address string, the flags argument is always ignored. There are four scenarios based on the type of literal address string and the value of the af argument. The two simple cases are when name is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address and af equals AF_INET , or when name is an IPv6 hex address and af equals AF_INET6. The members of the returned hostent structure are: h_name points to a copy of the name argument, h_aliases is a NULL pointer, h_addrtype is a copy of the af argument, h_length is either 4 (for AF_INET) or 16 (for AF_INET6), h_addr_list[0] is a pointer to the 4-byte or 16-byte binary address, and h_addr_list[1] is a NULL pointer. When name is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address and af equals AF_INET6, and AI_V4MAPPED is specified, an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address is returned: h_name points to an IPv6 hex address containing the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address, h_aliases is a NULL pointer, h_addrtype is AF_INET6, h_length is 16, h_addr_list[0] is a pointer to the 16-byte binary address, and h_addr_list[1] is a NULL pointer. It is an error when name is an IPv6 hex address and af equals AF_INET. The function's return value is a NULL pointer and the value pointed to by error_num equals HOST_NOT_FOUND. getipnodebyaddr takes almost the same argument as gethostbyaddr(3), but adds a pointer to return an error number. Additionally it takes care of IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses. getipnodebyname and getipnodebyaddr dynamically allocate the structure to be returned to the caller. freehostent reclaims memory region allocated and returned by getipnodebyname or getipnodebyaddr FILES /etc/hosts /etc/ipnodes /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf DIAGNOSTICS getipnodebyname and getipnodebyaddr returns NULL on errors. The integer values pointed to by error_num may then be checked to see whether this is a temporary failure or an invalid or unknown host. The meanings of each error code are described in gethostbyname(3). SEE ALSO getaddrinfo(3), getnameinfo(3), gethostbyaddr(3), gethostbyname(3), hosts(5), nsswitch.conf(5), services(5), hostname(7), named(8). STANDARDS getipnodebyname and getipnodebyaddr are documented in "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6" (RFC2553). BUGS getipnodebyname and getipnodebyaddr do not handle scoped IPv6 address properly. If you use these functions, your program will not be able to handle scoped IPv6 addresses. For IPv6 address manipulation, getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3) are recommended. The current implementation is not thread-safe. Page 4