acct(1M) acct(1M) NAME acct: acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp closewtmp, utmp2wtmp - overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands SYNOPSIS /usr/lib/acct/acctdisk [-c] /usr/lib/acct/acctdusg [-u file] [-p file] /usr/lib/acct/accton [file] /usr/lib/acct/acctwtmp "reason" /usr/lib/acct/closewtmp /usr/lib/acct/utmp2wtmp DESCRIPTION Accounting software is structured as a set of tools (consisting of both C programs and shell procedures) that can be used to build accounting systems. acctsh(1M) describes the set of shell procedures built on top of the C programs. Connect-time accounting is handled by various programs that write records into /var/adm/wtmp, as described in utmp(4). The programs described in acctcon(1M) convert this file into session and charging records, which are then summarized by acctmerg(1M). Process accounting is performed by the UNIX system kernel. Upon termination of a process, one record per process is written to a file (normally /var/adm/pacct). The programs in acctprc(1M) summarize this data for charging purposes; acctcms(1M) is used to summarize command usage. Current process data can be examined using acctcom(1). Process accounting and connect-time accounting (or any accounting records in the tacct format described in acct(4)) can be merged and summarized into total accounting records by acctmerg (see tacct format in acct(4)). prtacct (see acctsh(1M)) is used to format any or all accounting records. acctdisk reads lines that contain user ID, login name, and number of disk blocks and converts them to total accounting records that can be merged with other accounting records. By default, the acctdisk command reads standard input and converts records to tacct format, which it writes to standard output. (See The -c option reads standard input and converts records to cacct format, which it writes to standard output. These records can be merged with other cacct records by using the csaaddc(1M) command. acctdusg reads its standard input (usually from find / -print) and computes disk resource consumption (including indirect blocks) by login. If -u is given, records consisting of those filenames for which acctdusg charges no one are placed in file (a potential source for finding users trying to avoid disk charges). If -p is given, file is the name of the password file. This option is not needed if the password file is /etc/passwd. (See diskusg(1M) for more details.) accton [file] changes the state and location of kernal accounting output. If file is given, accton directs the kernal to append the process accounting records to file, (accton will create the file if it doesn't already exist). accton without file turns accounting off. Although accton may be run as root it is normally ran as adm. To change the state of accounting adm requires the capability of CAP_ACCT_MGT and on Trusted Irix systems CAP_MAC_WRITE. (see capabilities(4) ). accton is typically ran by scripts and would not normally be run directly by a user. If accounting is to be turned on and off manually, the script /etc/init.d/acct start|stop should be used. /etc/init.d/acct uses su(1M) to acquire the necessary capabilities before calling /usr/lib/acct/startup and /usr/lib/acct/shutdown which call accton. acctwtmp writes a utmp(4) record to its standard output. The record contains the current time and a string of characters that describe the reason. A record type of ACCOUNTING is assigned (see utmp(4)). reason must be a string of 11 or fewer characters, numbers, $, or spaces. The accounting startup and shutdown scripts /usr/lib/acct/startup and /usr/lib/acct/shutacct use the acctwtmp command to record system startup and shutdown events. For each user currently logged on, closewtmp puts a false DEAD_PROCESS record in the /var/adm/wtmp file. runacct (see runacct(1M)) uses this false DEAD_PROCESS record so that the connect-time accounting procedures can track the time used by users logged on before runacct was invoked. For each user currently logged on, runacct uses utmp2wtmp to create an entry in the file /var/adm/wtmp, created by runacct. Entries in /var/adm/wtmp enable subsequent invocations of runacct to account for connect times of users currently logged in. ENVIRONMENT The file /etc/config/acct controls the automatic startup and periodic report generation of the accounting subsystem. If this file contains the flag value on, process accounting is enabled by /etc/init.d/acct each time the system is brought up, and nightly reports are generated and placed in the directory /var/adm/acct/sum. chkconfig(1M) should be used to modify the contents of the /etc/config/acct file. The accounting software consists of accounting report generation software with built-in tables of fixed size that might need to be increased on larger systems. All of these programs now check the environment when they are invoked for the requested table sizes. The accepted environment variables are ACCT_MAXUSERS Indicates the number of different users that can be reported by diskusg(1M) or acctdusg(1M). ACCT_MAXIGN Indicates the number of different filesystem names to be ignored by diskusg(1M) in its report. ACCT_A_SSIZE Indicates the maximum number of sessions that can be reported by acctprc1(1M) in one accounting run. ACCT_A_TSIZE Indicates the maximum number of login lines that can be reported by acctcon(1M) and acctcon1(1M). ACCT_A_USIZE Indicates the number of distinct login names in one accounting run of acctprc(1M), acctprc1(1M), acctprc2(1M), and acctcon(1M). ACCT_CSIZE Indicates the maximum number of distinct commands in one accounting run of acctcms(1M). These environment variables can be specified in the accounting-related entries of the appropriate crontab files. FILES /etc/passwd used for login name to user ID conversions /usr/lib/acct holds all accounting commands listed in section 1M of this manual /var/adm/pacct current process accounting file /var/adm/wtmp login/logoff history file /etc/config/acct if it contains on, accounting runs automatically REFERENCES acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), chkconfig(1M), csaaddc(1M), dodisk(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). Page 3