file(1) file(1) NAME file - determine file type SYNOPSIS file [-h] [-m mfile] [-f ffile] arg . . . file [-h] [-m mfile] -f ffile file -c [-m mfile] DESCRIPTION file performs a series of tests on each file supplied by arg and, optionally, on each file supplied in ffile in an attempt to classify it. If arg appears to be a text file, file examines the first 512 bytes and tries to guess its programming language. If arg is an executable a.out, file prints the version stamp, provided it is greater than 0. For COFF executables, the version stamp will give the version of compilers used to generate the executable. For ELF executables, the version stamp gives the version of ELF to which the file conforms. If arg is a symbolic link, by default the link is followed and file tests the file that the symbolic link references. -c Check the magic file for format errors. For reasons of efficiency, this validation is normally not carried out. -f ffile ffile contains the names of the files to be examined. -h Do not follow symbolic links. -m mfile Use mfile as an alternate magic file, instead of /etc/magic. file uses /etc/magic to identify files that have a magic number. A magic number is a numeric or string constant that indicates the file type. Commentary at the beginning of /etc/magic explains its format. file classifies files containing supplementary code set characters according to the locale specified in the LC_CTYPE environment variable [see LANG on environ(5)]. file reads each argument and can distinguish data files, program text files, shell scripts, and executable files as follows: Files Classification _____________________________________________ Data files containing data supplementary characters Shell scripts containing command text supplementary characters Language program text files xxx text containing literals or comments using supplementary characters Executable files executable FILES /etc/magic /usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES/uxcore /usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES/uxsgicore language-specific message file [See LANG on environ(5).] SEE ALSO filehdr(4) DIAGNOSTICS If the -h option is specified and arg is a symbolic link, file prints the error message: UX:file:ERROR:symbolic link to arg Page 2